Contraception
Methods of contraception used in nagpur include oral contraceptive pills, implants, injectables, patches, vaginal rings, intra uterine devices, condoms, male or female sterilization, lactational amenorrhea methods, withdrawal or fertility awareness-based methods.
Different methods have different mechanisms of action and effectiveness in preventing unintended pregnancy. Effectiveness of methods is measured by the number of a pregnancies per 100 women applying the method per year.
Contraception is that which has to do with methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. There are various kinds of contraception, among them being;
1. Hormonal methods:
– Birth control pills
– Patch
– Ring
– Injection (Depo-Provera)
– Implant (Nexplanon)
2. Barrier methods:
– Condoms
– Diaphragm
– Cervical cap
– Spermicides
3. Intrauterine devices:
– Hormonal IUDs (Mirena)
– Copper IUDs (ParaGard)
4. Sterilization:
– Vasectomy (male)
– Tubal ligation (female)
5. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs):
– Implants (Nexplanon)
– IUDs
6. Emergency contraception:
– Morning-after pill (Plan B)
– Ella (ulipristal acetate)
7. Natural family planning:
– Fertility awareness methods
– Calendar method
8. Permanent contraception:
– Male: Vasectomy
– Female: Tubal ligation
Most importantly, to properly identify an ideal contraceptive for a client, a client should seek consultation with a doctor.
What Is a Contraception?
Birth control, commonly referred to as contraception, is the process or device meant for preventing pregnancy. It enables people to exercise their fertility and plan their family. Contraception functions by:
1. Prevention of sperm reaching the egg
2. Prevention of liberation of the egg
3. Prevention of implantation of a fertilized egg to the uterus
The major types of contraception methods include:
1. Hormonal methods (e.g. pills, patch, ring)
2. Barrier methods (e.g. condoms, diaphragm)
3. Intrauterine devices
4. Sterilization (vasectomy, tubal ligation)
5. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)
6. Emergency contraception (morning-after pill)
7. Natural family planning / Fertility awareness methods
Contraception is advocated for:
1. Family planning
2. Population control
3. Avoid unintended pregnancies
4. Prevention of STIs
5. Improvement in reproductive health
Remember, contraception is a personal choice, and one has to get to the best healthcare provider to figure out the best one for the individual’s needs and preferences.
Types of Contraception
- Hormonal Methods:
- Combined Oral Contraceptives (The Pill): Contains estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation. Taken daily.
- Progestin-Only Pill (Mini-Pill): Contains only progestin, suitable for women who cannot take estrogen.
- Contraceptive Patch: A patch applied to the skin that releases hormones into the bloodstream.
- Vaginal Ring: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones over time.
- Injectable Contraceptives: Hormonal injections (like Depo-Provera) administered every three months to prevent ovulation.
- Implants: Small rods inserted under the skin of the arm, releasing hormones to prevent ovulation for up to three years (e.g., Nexplanon).
- Barrier Methods:
- Condoms: A barrier worn on the penis (male condom) or inside the vagina (female condom) to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
- Diaphragm: A dome-shaped cup inserted into the vagina before intercourse, covering the cervix to block sperm.
- Cervical Cap: Similar to a diaphragm, but smaller and fits tightly over the cervix.
- Sponge: A soft, disk-shaped device containing spermicide that is inserted into the vagina before intercourse.
- Intrauterine Devices (IUDs):
- Hormonal IUD: Releases progestin to prevent pregnancy for 3 to 7 years (e.g., Mirena, Kyleena).
- Copper IUD: A non-hormonal device that uses copper to create an environment toxic to sperm, effective for up to 10 years (e.g., Paragard).
- Natural Methods:
- Fertility Awareness: Tracking the menstrual cycle to identify fertile days and avoid intercourse during that time.
- Withdrawal: The male partner withdraws before ejaculation to the prevent sperm from entering the vagina. This method requires significant self-control and timing.
- Permanent Methods:
- Tubal Ligation: Surgical procedure for women to close or block the fallopian tubes, preventing eggs from reaching the uterus.
- Vasectomy: Surgical procedure for men to cut or seal the vas deferens, preventing sperm from mixing with semen.
- Emergency Contraception:
- Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs): Hormonal pills taken within 72 to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse to prevent ovulation (e.g., Plan B, Ella).
- Copper IUD: Can also be used as emergency contraception if inserted by a healthcare provider within five days after unprotected sex.
Choosing a Contraceptive Method
When selecting a contraceptive method, consider to the following factors:
- Effectiveness: Different methods have varying effectiveness rates. Long-acting methods (like IUDs and implants) are generally more effective than short-term methods (like condoms).
- Health Conditions: Some methods may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions (e.g., high blood pressure or smoking over age 35).
- Convenience: Consider how easy it is to use the method consistently or correctly.
- Side Effects: Different methods have different potential side of a effects. Discuss these with a healthcare provider.
- Personal Preferences: Individual lifestyle, religious beliefs, and comfort level with certain methods play a crucial role in the choice of contraception.
Benefits of Contraception
- Pregnancy Prevention: Allows individuals to control when and if they want to become pregnant.
- Menstrual Regulation: Some hormonal methods can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms of PMS or dysmenorrhea.
- Reduced Risk of STIs: Barrier methods (like condoms) can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
What is procedures of Contraception?
Some of the Contraception procedures comprise:
1. Administration of the Hormonal Method
-Oral Contraceptive pill prescription
-Patch or ring application
-Injection, Depo-Provera
-Insertion of Implant, Nexplanon
2. Placement of Barrier Methods
-Use of Condom
-Insertion of Diaphragm
-Insertion of Cervical cap
3. Insertion of IUD
-Hormonal IUD, Mirena
-Copper IUD, ParaGard
4. Sterilization Procedures
-Vasectomy, male
-Tubal ligation, female
5. Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptide (LARC) Insertion
-Insertion of the Implant, Nexplanon
-Insertion of the IUD
6. The Administration of Emergency Contraception
-Morning-after pill, Plan B
-Ella, Ulipristal Acetate
7. Natural family planning education:
-Fertility awareness methods
-Calendar method
8. Removal of the contraceptive implant:
-Nexplanon removal
9. IUD removal:
-Mirena removal
-ParaGard removal
The procedures are very commonly carried out by a healthcare provider in a clinical setup. It is advisable one seeks a medical practitioner for proper advice on the most appropriate contraceptive method suited for individual needs, and also to discuss any questions or concerns one may have.
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