1. Reproductive Health

• Menstruation and Menstrual Disorders:

  • Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation.
  • Dysmenorrhea: Painful periods.
  • Menorrhagia: Heavy menstrual bleeding.
  • Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): Symptoms like mood swings, bloating, and fatigue before menstruation.

• Contraception:

  • Birth control methods like pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, and permanent solutions such as tubal ligation.

• Fertility Issues:

  • Diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting a woman’s ability to conceive, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and ovulatory disorders.
  • Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): In vitro fertilization (IVF), egg freezing, and other fertility treatments.

2. Pregnancy and Childbirth (Obstetrics)

• Antenatal Care: Routine checkups to monitor the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy.
• Complications in Pregnancy: Management of high-risk pregnancies, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and ectopic pregnancies.
• Postnatal Care: Ensuring the health of the mother after childbirth, including recovery from delivery and breastfeeding support.

3. Gynecological Disorders

• Endometriosis: A condition where the tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, causing pain and potentially affecting fertility.
• Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, and reproductive issues.
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A hormonal disorder causing irregular periods, excess hair growth, and difficulty with fertility.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the female reproductive organs, often due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can lead to infertility if untreated.
• Ovarian Cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that form in or on the ovaries, often benign but sometimes requiring treatment.

4. Cancer Screening and Treatment

• Cervical Cancer: Often detected through routine Pap smears and HPV tests. Early detection is key in the preventing progression.
• Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms may be vague, making early detection difficult. Ultrasounds and CA-125 blood tests are common diagnostic tools.
• Uterine Cancer (Endometrial Cancer): Usually presents with abnormal vaginal bleeding, particularly post-menopause.
• Breast Cancer: Routine mammograms help of a  detect breast cancer early.

5. Menopause and Hormonal Issues

• Menopause: The natural end of menstruation, usually occurring between ages 45-55, accompanied by symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.
• Perimenopause: The transition period before menopause when hormone levels fluctuate, causing symptoms like irregular periods and sleep disturbances.
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Used to relieve symptoms of menopause by replacing declining hormone levels.

6. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

• Screening and treatment of infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV), which can lead to complications like infertility and cancer if untreated.

7. Pelvic Floor Disorders

• Conditions like urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and chronic pelvic pain, which may be treated through physical therapy, medication, or surgery.

8. Gynecological Surgeries

• Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus, sometimes including the ovaries and fallopian tubes, often performed for conditions like fibroids, heavy bleeding, or cancer.
• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgery to diagnose or treat conditions like endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and pelvic adhesions.
• Myomectomy: Removal of uterine fibroids while preserving the uterus, often performed for women who wish to maintain fertility.
• Oophorectomy: Removal of one or both ovaries, typically for ovarian cysts, cancer, and severe endometriosis.